Genome Editing and Future-Report

Ever since the discovery of the DNA, several technologies have evolved to genetically manipulate the organisms for the better agricultural and industrial applications. The next generation sequencing techniques have made the identification of the different genes and mutations in DNA easier. The GMOs and cloning techniques which are in use for a significant time now are the direct result of the advancement in this domain. These cloning techniques are being exploited for a wide array of medical, agricultural, industrial and research applications for past several decades. However, despite all the development and progress there is a constant need for more advanced gene editing techniques that are precise and accurate. The use of programmable nucleases for genetic modifications has increased in past decade for its potential to treat various inheritable diseases and cancer. In past decade three major classes of programmable nucleases have come to light– the zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–associated Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9).